Shell scripts are flexible and make it easy to work with the command-line interface of a machine. They are small, easy to write, and used by system managers, coders, and power users on Unix-based systems to improve workflows and get things done quickly. Ultimately, the ideal swap partition size depends on the system’s RAM, workload, and the administrator’s preferences. The Sun Java Desktop System’s main goal was to provide an alternative to standard operating systems like Windows and give business users a familiar and efficient desktop environment. However, not many people used it, and Oracle stopped producing it after purchasing Sun Microsystems in 2010.
- For doing so, simply go to the upper left corner of the program window and click on the pushpin-like icon.
- It sends an ICMP echo request packet to the destination device and waits for a response.
- The /etc/resolv.conf is the config file used for the DNS server resolution process.
- Each router on the path decrements the TTL value of the packet and sends back an ICMP time-exceeded message to the source device.
This is one of the top linux interview questions asked in the linux interview. The interviewer may ask it as what do you know about linux loader so don’t be confuse with the question but answer it confidently. Additionally, for services running over SSL/TLS, https://1investing.in/ different port numbers may be used for the secure versions (e.g., SMTPS over port 465, HTTPS over port 443). LVM, which stands for Logical Volume Manager, is a storage management technology used in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.
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It provides a flexible and advanced method for managing storage devices, allowing administrators to create, resize, and manage logical volumes that span multiple physical disks. Explore a comprehensive collection of Linux Networking Interview Questions & Answers to enhance your understanding of key concepts. From TCP/IP fundamentals to network configuration and troubleshooting, this resource covers a wide range of topics essential for mastering Linux networking. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or preparing for an interview, delve into this guide to strengthen your knowledge and ensure success in Linux networking discussions.
What is network bridge? How do we configure a bridged network?
The open-source operating system that means Linux source code is available for use so that developers can modify it as per their requirement. But UNIX operating system doesn’t come under the broad category of an open-source operating system for which developers can edit it. A Computer Science graduate interested in mixing up imagination and knowledge into enticing words. In his free time, Akhil likes to play cards, do guitar jam, and write weird fiction. The main task of a daemon is to actively listen for a service request and to act upon them at the very same time.
What is the top Command in Linux?
Thus security risks are overcome to a great extent by using the shadow password format. Rkhunter can be installed from the software repository by following the instructions of your distribution’s package management. Debian and Ubuntu users can use the (sudo) apt-get install rkhunter command while Red Hat-based distributions can use either the dnf or yum command.
After entering the current admin password, this would open letter.txt to edit as johndoe without starting a new shell session. Sudo authorization provides flexibility to operate as required users only when necessary. Understanding user switching with sudo is invaluable for Linux permissions management without elevated accounts.
Linux has become more popular in the technology industry in terms of security. There are several reasons why Linux is more secure than other operating systems. A Linux distribution consists of the Linux kernel along with collections of software bundled together and optimized to run on top of the kernel. Some popular general-purpose distros are Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, openSUSE, etc. Specialized distros also exist, like Kali Linux for security and CentOS for enterprise servers, among others. Using the free and vmstat commands, we can display the physical and virtual memory statistics, respectively.
How do you secure a Linux server?
We divided the Interview Questions into four categories as Basic, Admin, Technical and Command based Questions. Be prepared to discuss your experience with the different distributions of Linux. If you’ve worked with a variety of them, go into detail about the ones that you are most familiar with and why.
The ping command sends ICMP echo requests to a host to check if it’s reachable. You can use the kill command with the -9 option to forcefully terminate a process. The ifconfig command can be used to find the IP address of a Linux system.
To recover from a kernel panic post-update, reboot the system and choose an older, stable kernel from the bootloader menu. For prevention, ensure hardware and installed modules are compatible before linux networking interview questions updating the kernel. Maintain a backup of critical data, regularly update the system, and stay informed about potential issues related to specific kernel updates through community forums.
With the help of the sar command, we can see the CPU utilization and other stats. By default, sar saves its log files in the /var/log/sa/sadd directory, where “dd” represents the current day. These log files are valuable for retrospective analysis and tracking system activity over time. The finger service should be disabled on a Linux server because a remote user can get important information about the system by using this command. To list the specific directory files use the directory name in the syntax, follow as shown in the below syntax.
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As long as they use the same license, they can even sell copies of the modified code. The disadvantages of open source is that it can make the software less compatible with other hardware and systems, and make it more difficult to use. There is also no user support because it is created by potentially thousands of contributors and belongs to the public.
System logs can be checked using the ‘tail’ or ‘less’ command to view the contents of log files located in the ‘/var/log’ directory, such as ‘syslog’, ‘messages’, or ‘auth.log’. Save the file and restart the network service or reboot the system for the changes to take effect. Here replace the `username` with the desired username of the remote server and replace the `remote_ip` with the IP address of the remote server. SELinux or also known as Security-Enhanced Linux, is the security framework. It offers an additional layer of security to improve access control and strengthen security. SELinux was developed to improve the security policies to prevent unauthorized access and exploitation.
Understanding basic wc transforms abstract text data into actionable admins insights. Whether checking web logs, user records, or API payloads, wc provides a simple method to inspect important Linux file metadata. After confirming the time, ‘at’ will prompt for the actual command, script, or pipeline to run at that point. This allows delayed execution without dedicated cron entries or sleep commands. Helpful scenarios include planning updates during low-traffic hours, staggering resource-intensive tasks, or automating notifications based on events.